What describes the condition where voltage drops across reactances exceed the applied voltage at resonance?

The correct choice refers to the condition in which voltage drops across reactances in a circuit, such as inductors and capacitors, become greater than the applied voltage at resonance. At resonance, the effects of inductive and capacitive reactance cancel each other out, ideally leading to maximum energy transfer and minimal reactance.

However, when the voltage across the reactances exceeds the applied voltage, it reflects a phenomenon associated with the circuit's gain. Gain in this context refers to the amplification of voltage that can occur due to the resonance condition in RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuits. Essentially, while the total voltage supplied remains constant, the resonating circuit can exhibit large voltage swings across the reactive components due to the energy oscillating between the inductive and capacitive elements, thereby leading to an apparent increase in voltage across those components compared to the source voltage.

This condition is critical for understanding how resonant circuits operate, especially in applications such as tuned amplifiers and filters, where achieving a certain voltage response is essential. In contrast, the other terms listed do not adequately capture the specific interaction of voltages and reactance at resonance in this context.