What is a frequency that is a whole number multiple of a smaller basic frequency called?

The term that describes a frequency which is a whole number multiple of a smaller basic frequency is known as a harmonic. Harmonically related frequencies occur when the fundamental frequency is multiplied by an integer (e.g., (2f), (3f), etc.), resulting in higher frequencies that maintain a specific mathematical relationship with the fundamental. This principle is foundational in the study of sound waves and musical tones, illustrating how different pitches can be produced from a single source by vibrating at these harmonics.

While overtone refers to any higher frequency than the fundamental, it doesn’t specifically denote whole number multiples, as it can involve more complex relationships. The fundamental frequency is the base frequency itself, not a multiple; resonance indicates an amplification of waves at certain frequencies but does not specifically refer to integer multiples of a base frequency. Understanding the concept of harmonics is essential for applications in music, audio engineering, and various electronic systems where waveforms and frequencies play crucial roles.