Which transistor properties are the direct voltage and current values that, if exceeded, may result in transistor failure?

The term that refers to the direct voltage and current values which, if exceeded, may lead to transistor failure is known as Absolute Maximum Ratings. These ratings are critical specifications provided by manufacturers that indicate the limits beyond which the transistor can suffer permanent damage or failure.

Absolute Maximum Ratings encompass parameters such as maximum collector-emitter voltage (Vce), maximum collector current (Ic), and maximum power dissipation. Operating a transistor above these absolute limits can lead to breakdown mechanisms or thermal runaway, which can result in irreversible damage to the device.

Other options represent different aspects of a transistor's specifications. Rated Values typically refer to the maximum values that a transistor can handle during normal operation rather than the absolute limits. Nominal Values indicate typical operating conditions under which a transistor is expected to perform optimally, but they do not define failure thresholds. Operating Conditions describe the environment and usage parameters within which the transistor is intended to operate safely and effectively, but again, they do not specify the maximum allowable values that can lead to failure.