Which type of navigation system continuously computes the latitude and longitude of the ship by sensing acceleration?

The type of navigation system that continuously computes the latitude and longitude of a ship by sensing its acceleration is the Ship's Inertial Navigation System (SINS). This system operates based on the principles of inertial measurement, which involves using accelerometers and gyroscopes to detect changes in motion and orientation.

By measuring the acceleration experienced by the ship over time, the SINS can integrate these measurements to calculate the vessel's velocity and, subsequently, its position in terms of latitude and longitude. This process does not rely on external signals or references, making it particularly effective in environments where GPS signals may be weak or unreliable, such as in heavy weather or underwater operations.

The other options, while related to navigation, utilize different methodologies. A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) relies on signals from satellites to determine position, which differs fundamentally from the inertial approach. The term "Positioning System" is broader and may refer to various systems but does not specifically denote one that senses acceleration. Time-Difference Navigation uses the differences in the time of arrival of signals to determine position, which again is distinct from the inertial method employed by SINS. Thus, Ship's Inertial Navigation System is specifically designed for continuous computation of location based on